The entourage had originally scheduled a 19-passenger Twin Otter from Guyana Airways to fly them back to Georgetown. [106] Both speeches were met by cheers and applause from the crowd in Jonestown. [190] It took several hours before the eleven wounded and others in their party gathered themselves together. Season 1. According to Speier in 2006, reading the notes caused her and the congressman to realize that "something was very, very wrong. The press exposes the dark side of Jones, causing a mass exodus to Jonestown. Rhodes, Clayton, Garry, and Lane were also brought to Georgetown. On 18th November 1978, over 900 men, women and children lost their lives at Jonestown, a remote settlement established by the People's Temple in northern Guyana. Methods included imprisonment in a 6-by-4-by-3-foot (1.83m 1.22m 0.91m) plywood box and forcing children to spend a night at the bottom of a well, sometimes upside-down. The group, which included Congressman Ryan's daughter Patricia, was involved in various personal, social and legal battles with a range of religious organizations, from The Family International and Scientology to David Koresh's Branch Davidians, where they were found to be influential on law enforcement's concerns for children in the eventual Waco siege in 1993. Jones' reputation" with "apparent bold-faced lies". He also stated that most present "quietly waited their own turn to die", and that many of the assembled Temple members "walked around like they were in a trance". [154] After the Cessna had taxied to the far end of the airstrip, he produced a handgun and started shooting at the passengers. Reiterman, Tim, "Peoples Temple's $26 million financial empire", Pear, Richard. We are here living communally. Jones recognized the drum, originally adapted for use during meal times, as the drum used for drink mixtures during the White Night exercises, and which he believed was used to hold the beverage mix of poison and grape-flavored punch during the events of November 18, 1978. [124] However, by the morning of November 17, they informed Jones that Ryan would likely leave for Jonestown that afternoon regardless of his willingness. Members are captivated; his lust for power becomes unstoppable. One of the main tactics was to speak of the advantages of their American presence near Guyana's disputed border with Venezuela. Rhodes reported being in close contact with dying children.[169]. In 1978, Jones was informed of a possible lung infection, upon which he announced to his followers that he in fact had lung cancer a ploy to foster sympathy and strengthen support within the community. [125] Ryan's party, accompanied by Lane and Garry, came to an airstrip at Port Kaituma, six miles (10km) from Jonestown, some hours later. [188] Then Liane assisted Sharon in cutting her own throat, after which Liane killed herself.[188]. By what name was Jonestown: Terror in the Jungle (2018) officially released in Canada in English? The press exposes the dark side of Jones, causing a mass exodus to Jonestown. [195] The base's resources were overwhelmed, and numerous individuals tasked with moving or identifying the bodies suffered symptoms of PTSD. [38] Guyanese immigration procedures were compromised to inhibit the departure of Temple defectors and curtail the visas of Temple opponents. [146], While most of the Ryan delegation began to depart on a large dump truck to the Port Kaituma airstrip, Ryan and Dwyer stayed behind in Jonestown to process any additional defectors. When the time came when we should have dropped dead, Rev. [citation needed], In late February 1980, Al and Jeanne Mills (co-founders of the Concerned Relatives) and their daughter Daphene were shot and killed execution style in their Berkeley, California home. [122] Over the following months, Ryan's interest was further aroused by the allegations put forth by Stoen, Layton, and the Concerned Relatives.[122]. I hereby leave all assets in any bank account to which I am a signatory to the Communist Party of the U.S.S.R."[186], In the early evening of November 18, at the Temple's headquarters in Georgetown, Temple member Sharon Amos received a radio communication from Jonestown instructing the members at the headquarters to take revenge on the Temple's enemies and then commit revolutionary suicide. The destination of this exodus was Cuba. [36][181], The only medical doctor to initially examine the scene at Jonestown was Mootoo, who visually examined over 200 bodies and later told a Guyanese coroner's jury of having seen needle marks on at least 70. "[220], Now deserted, the compound at Jonestown was first tended by the Guyanese government following the deaths. Jones bragged about other female Temple members he referred to as "public relations women" giving all for the cause in Jonestown. [8][13], The Peoples Temple was formed by Jim Jones in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1955. Moore and Layton were selected among those autopsied, in part, because of the urging of the Moore family, including Rebecca Moore, the sister of the two victims, who was not a Temple member herself.[182]. [73] The community had a nursery at which 33 infants were born. [196] As of September 2014, four of their remains had been returned to next-of-kin, and the remaining five had not. [57], Nothing in the way of film or recorded TV, shown on the commune's closed-circuit system, no matter how innocuous or seemingly politically neutral, could be viewed without a Temple staffer present to "interpret" the material for the viewers. But yeah, you signed your lives over and moved to a muddy, humid South American jungle where you worked like modern day slaves, all for "the cause". In addition to McElvane, several other Temple members gave speeches praising Jones and his decision for the community to commit suicide, even after Jones stopped appreciating this praise and begged for the process to go faster. This page was last modified 21:55, 9 January 2020. Topics. [156] When the tractor neared within approximately 30 feet (9m) of the aircraft, at a time roughly concurrent with the shootings on the Cessna, the Red Brigade opened fire with shotguns, handguns and rifles while at least two shooters circled the plane on foot. [51] Buildings fell into disrepair and weeds encroached on fields. See production, box office & company info, Self - author of 'The Road to Jonestown: Jim Jones and Peoples Temple', Self - author of 'Hearing the Voices of Jonestown', Self - journalist, San Francisco Chronicle, Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple, Ministry of Evil: The Twisted Cult of Tony Alamo, Atlanta's Missing and Murdered: The Lost Children. Aurora and Angelina retrace the history of the dangerous cult, from the founding of The People's Temple in 1954, to its . [35] Jones saw Jonestown as both a "socialist paradise" and a "sanctuary" from media scrutiny. "[160], After Ryan's departure from Jonestown towards Port Kaituma, Marceline Jones made a broadcast on the public address system, stating that everything was all right, and asking residents to return to their homes. 914[193] of the 918 dead, including Jones himself, were collected by the United States military in Guyana, then transported by military cargo plane to Dover Air Force Base in Delaware, a location that had been used previously for mass processing of the dead from the Tenerife airport disaster. Jones was called "Father" or "Dad" by both adults and children. [111] Reiterman's subsequent story about the Stoen custody battle prompted the immediate threat of a lawsuit by the Temple. Jim Jones was an important part of the liberal political establishment in San Francisco, and helped elect Harvey Milk (who was never mentioned). "[165], On the tape, Jones urged Temple members to commit "revolutionary suicide". [76] In 1978, officials from the U.S. embassy in Georgetown interviewed Social Security recipients on multiple occasions to make sure they were not being held against their will. [129] While the party was received warmly, Jones said he felt like a dying man and ranted about government conspiracies and martyrdom as he decried attacks by the press and his enemies. [134], In the early morning of November 18, eleven Temple members sensed danger enough to walk out of Jonestown and all the way to the town of Matthew's Ridge, in the opposite direction from the Port Kaituma airstrip. [14] Though its roots and teachings shared more with Christian revival movements than with Marxism, it purported to practice what it called "apostolic socialism". [146] Al's wife, Bonnie, summoned on the loudspeakers by Temple staff, loudly denounced her husband. [163], The concoction was prepared with the help of Jonestown in-house doctor, Dr Larry Schacht, a Texan native and former methamphetamine addict who got sober with the help of Jones who subsequently paid for his college education to become a doctor. [97], After the Six Day Siege, Jones no longer believed the Guyanese could be trusted. [221] The buildings and grounds were looted by local Guyanese people, but were not taken over because of their association with the mass killing. This documentary does a nice job laying things out for a beginner. If you knew what was ahead of you if you knew what was ahead of you, you'd be glad to be stepping over tonight. [89] In May 1978, a Temple doctor wrote a memo to Jones asking permission to test cyanide on Jonestown's pigs, as their metabolism was close to that of human beings. Four other Temple members committed murder-suicide in Georgetown at Jones' command. [4][5] In contrast, most sources today refer to the deaths with terms such as mass murder-suicide,[6] a massacre,[7][8] or simply mass murder. [117] Jones told Lane he wanted to "pull an Eldridge Cleaver" and return to the U.S. after repairing his reputation. [120], Audio tapes of 1978 meetings within Jonestown attest to Jones' declining physical condition, with the commune leader complaining of high blood pressure which he had since the early 1950s, small strokes, and weight loss of 30 to 40 pounds in the last two weeks of Jonestown, temporary blindness, convulsions, and, in late October to early November 1978 while he was ill in his cabin, grotesque swelling of the extremities. [190] The more seriously wounded slept in a small tent at the airstrip. Temple defector Deborah Layton described the event in an affidavit: Everyone, including the children, was told to line up. Q 042) (November 18 1978)", "The Assassination of Representative Leo J. Ryan and the Jonestown, Guyana Tragedy", "Davisville, 8/4/14: Listening to a survivor, and the story, of Jonestown", The Black Hole of Guyana:The Untold Story of the Jonestown Massacre, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonestown&oldid=1131473747, Larry Layton (Cessna attack), Peoples Temple Red Brigade (attack on Twin Otter). Minister. [173], Jones was found dead lying next to his chair in the pavilion between two other bodies, his head cushioned by a pillow. Surrounding them, Jones claimed, were mercenaries bent on murder, as well as the abduction of Jones' son John Victor Stoen and others. ID'd", "1978 CULT FIGURE GETS LIFE TERM IN CONGRESSMAN'S JUNGLE SLAYING. Political scientist Janos Radvanyi cites the book as an example of Soviet active measures during the 1980s that "spread both disinformation stories and enemy propaganda against the United States", adding, "It's hard to imagine that anyone could believe so ridiculous a story". Because it stood on poor soil, Jonestown was not self-sufficient and had to import large quantities of commodities such as wheat. [130], Two Temple members, Vernon Gosney (19532021) and Monica Bagby (19602009), made the first move for defection that night. Postal Service. Those five were publicly identified in the hope that family would claim their remains; all five remain unclaimed by family and have been interred at the Jonestown Memorial at Evergreen Cemetery in Oakland, CA, along with the remains of approximately half of those who perished on November 18, 1978. "[106] Timofeyev opened the speech stating that the Soviet Union would like to send "our deepest and the most sincere greetings to the people of this first socialist and communist community of the United States of America, in Guyana and in the world". Jim Jones was a cult leader who on November 18, 1978, orchestrated the mass murder suicide of 909 members of his commune in Jonestown, Guyana.Since the events of the Jonestown Massacre, a massive amount of literature and study has been produced on the subject. He had stated that he preferred to stay within the Guyanese borders because of the sovereignty it afforded them. "[131] A child nearby witnessed Gosney's act and verbally alerted other Temple members. [218] In 1980, an investigation by the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence found no evidence of CIA activity in Jonestown. [150] Ryan did so, promising to return later to address the dispute. Although Jonestown contained no dedicated prison and no form of capital punishment, various forms of punishment were used against members considered to have serious disciplinary problems. [27] He was skillful in presenting the Guyanese government the benefits of allowing the Peoples Temple to establish a settlement in the country. [109][110], On February 17, 1978, Jones submitted to an interview with San Francisco Examiner reporter Tim Reiterman. [85] During such events, Jones would sometimes give the Jonestown members four options: attempt to flee to the Soviet Union, commit "revolutionary suicide", stay in Jonestown and fight the purported attackers, or flee into the jungle. In 1984, former Temple member Tyrone Mitchell, who had lost both of his parents and five siblings at Jonestown, fired upon students at a Los Angeles elementary school from his second-story window, killing two people and injuring twelve; Mitchell then turned his weapon on himself and committed suicide. In the pavilion, Gosney mistook Harris for Ryan and passed him a note, reading, "Dear Congressman, Vernon Gosney and Monica Bagby. Jonestown massacre Encyclopedia Britannica Jonestown, (November 18, 1978), was the location of the mass murder-suicide of members of the California-based Peoples Temple cult at the behest of. [68] This "torture hole", along with beatings, became the subject of rumor among local Guyanese. [194] In many cases, responsibility for cremation of the remains was distributed to Dover area funeral homes. "Accusation of Human Rights Violations by Rev. We all did as we were told. Guests at a large 1976 testimonial dinner for Jones included Governor Jerry Brown, Lieutenant Governor Mervyn Dymally, and California Assemblyman Willie Brown, among others. For days on end, frightened townsfolk ringed the commune, armed with machetes and whatever crude tools would serve as weapons. [27] The plan listed various options, including fleeing to Canada or to a "Caribbean missionary post" such as Barbados or Trinidad. [209][210][211] including a Soviet-published book a decade later. [135][136] Those defectors included the wife and son of Jonestown's head of security, Joe Wilson. [187] Later, after police arrived at the headquarters, Sharon escorted her children, Liane (21), Christa (11), and Martin (10), into a bathroom. [51] Entertaining movies from Georgetown that the settlers had watched were mostly canceled in favor of Soviet propaganda shorts and documentaries on American social problems. '[91], In September 1977, former Temple members Tim and Grace Stoen battled in a Georgetown court to produce an order for the Temple to show cause why a final order should not be issued returning their five-year-old son, John. [41] Jones did not permit members to leave Jonestown without his express prior permission. [176] Grover Davis, 79, who was hearing-impaired, missed the announcement to assemble on the loudspeaker, lay down in a ditch and pretended to be dead. They're gonna shoot that pilot and down comes the plane into the jungle and we had better not have any of our children left when it's over, because they'll parachute in here on us. (Weingarten, Gene. This chilling docu-series dives into one of the darkest moments in American history, exploring the rise of Jim Jones, a charismatic preacher turned manipulative cult leader who ordered the deaths of his own followers. [168] After Jones confirmed that "the Congressman's dead," no dissent is heard on the death tape. Rhodes described a scene of both hysteria and confusion as parents watched their children die from the poison. A work of investigative journalism that presents the theory that the Central Intelligence Agency employed the Reverend Jim Jones to administer a pharmaceutical field test in mind control and ethnic weaponry to a large test group, namely the . [48] Burnham also said that, when Deputy Minister Ptolemy Reid traveled to Washington, D.C. in September 1977 to sign the Panama Canal Treaties, Mondale asked him, "How's Jim? Someone who finds it will believe I am crazy or believe in the barbed wire that does NOT exist in Jonestown." At last, Jones bowed to pressure, and the drill ended. [29] According to Carter, the Temple concluded that Guyana, an English-speaking, socialist country with a predominantly indigenous population and with a government including prominent black leaders, would afford black Temple members a peaceful place to live. A syringe without a needle fitted was used to squirt poison into the infant's mouth, after which Paul squirted another syringe into her own mouth. [158], Jackie Speier, Sung, Dwyer, Reiterman, Anthony Katsaris, Boyd, Oliver, Krause, and Javers were the nine injured in and around the Twin Otter. [188] Wielding a kitchen knife, Sharon first killed Christa, and then Martin. [106] Following the visit, Temple members met almost weekly with Timofeyev to discuss a potential Soviet exodus. [217], In 1979, Joseph Hollinger, a former aide to Congressman Leo Ryan, claimed that Jonestown was a "mass mind control experiment" conducted by the CIA. It was felt that the presence of the Stoens would unnecessarily antagonize Jones, and Harris wanted to remain in Georgetown because he hoped to spend time with his daughter Liane, who was staying at the Temples Lamaha Gardens headquarters there. [49] Jones left the same night that an editor at New West magazine read him an article to be published by Marshall Kilduff detailing allegations of abuse by former Temple members. No other specific reference is made to the events of the day. Armed guards with guns and crossbows surrounded the pavilion. [190] Dwyer was grazed by a bullet in his buttock during the shootings. It is unknown how they reached Georgetown, 150 miles (240km) away, since the boat had been sent away earlier that day. officials". Jonestown's primary means of communication with the outside world was a shortwave radio. Members are captivated; his lust for power becomes unstoppable. To do so, he stated that they were "skilled and progressive", showed off an envelope he claimed contained $500,000, and stated that he would invest most of the group's assets in Guyana. Divine told Jones personally to "find an enemy" and "to make sure they know who the enemy is" as it will unify those in the group and make them subservient to him.[87]. At the airstrip, Reiterman photographed the aftermath of the shootings. When the assembly gathered, referring to the Ryan delegation's air travel back to Georgetown, Jones told the gathering: One of those people on that plane is gonna shoot the pilot, I know that. Moore also wrote, "JONESTOWN the most peaceful, loving community that ever existed. Desperate People's Temple members saw his visit as a chance to escape Jonestown and its erratic and dangerous leader. 2018 TV-14. A 44-minute cassette tape, known as the "death tape",[165][166] records part of the meeting Jones called inside the pavilion in the early evening of November 18, 1978. [74], Leo Ryan, who represented California's 11th congressional district, announced that he would visit Jonestown. Veterans of the 'Siege' were held in high regard in Jonestown, and in numerous addresses Jones tearfully recalled their stoic courage on the 'front line. The Peoples Temple Agricultural Project, better known by its informal name "Jonestown", was a remote settlement in Guyana established by the Peoples Temple, a U.S.-based cult under the leadership of Jim Jones. Three high-ranking Temple survivors claimed they were given an assignment and thereby escaped death. As his racially integrated church and practices came under scrutiny, he moved his congregation to California, where its growing popularity brought Jones political power, but also a drug habit coupled with a paranoid need to control his followers. Sensing the end, Jones triggered a tragic chain of events, forcing his followers to a dark conclusion. [119] Jones was said to be abusing injectable Valium, Quaaludes, stimulants, and barbiturates. [34], As 500 members began the construction of Jonestown, the Temple encouraged more to relocate to the settlement. Found near Marceline Jones' body was a typewritten note, dated November 18, 1978, signed by Marceline and witnessed by Moore and Maria Katsaris, stating: I, Marceline Jones, leave all bank assets in my name to the Communist Party of the USSR. Directly after this, Jones stated that "the Red Brigade's the only one that made any sense anyway," and, "the Red Brigade showed them justice." [28] Jones also thought that Guyana was small, poor, and independent enough for him to easily obtain influence and official protection. The above bank accounts are located in the Bank of Nova Scotia in Nassau, Bahamas. [190] A Guyanese government plane arrived the following morning to evacuate the wounded.[189]. [27] For its Caribbean missionary post, the Temple quickly chose Guyana, conducting research on its economy and extradition treaties with the U.S.[27] In October 1973, the directors of the Temple passed a resolution to establish an agricultural mission there. Why did Jim Jones, a charismatic American preacher and leader of the People's Temple, compel his members in 1978 to commit 'revolutionary suicide' in northern G Members are captivated; his lust for power becomes unstoppable. [80], Jones made frequent addresses to Temple members regarding Jonestown's safety, including statements that the CIA and other intelligence agencies were conspiring with "capitalist pigs" to destroy the settlement and harm its inhabitants. His followers soon realize it's not the utopia their leader promised. [165], According to escaped Temple member Odell Rhodes, the first to take the poison were Ruletta Paul and her one-year-old infant. Survivor Tim Carter has suggested that, like a previous practice, that day's lunch of grilled cheese sandwiches may have been tainted with sedatives. - English narration. [46][47] Viola Burnham, the wife of the prime minister, was also a strong advocate of the Temple. [43] In 1976, Temple member Michael Prokes requested that Burnham receive Jones as a foreign dignitary along with other "high ranking U.S. Similarly, the end of the documentary seems to imply that our current political situation is similar to the fear and paranoia which led to Jonestown. Jim Jones forms The Peoples Temple. [90], Jones' paranoia and drug usage increased in Jonestown as he became fearful of a government raid on the commune, citing concerns that the community would not be able to resist an attack. more EPISODE 2 On the Run The press exposes the dark side of Jim Jones, causing a mass exodus to Jonestown. Recordings of commune meetings show how livid and frustrated Jones would get when anyone did not find the films interesting or did not understand the message Jones was placing upon them. [88], Tim Stoen represented three members of the Concerned Relatives in lawsuits filed in May and June 1978 against Jones and other Temple members, seeking in excess of $56 million in damages. Schacht had been researching the best ways for a person to die in advance of the foreseen mass suicide. Please help us get out of Jonestown. [198] Paroled in 2002, he is the only person ever to have been held criminally responsible for the events at Jonestown. [169] That night, Clayton stayed with a local Guyanese family and travelled to Port Kaituma the next morning. [149] While Ryan was unhurt after others wrestled Sly to the ground, Dwyer strongly suggested that the congressman leave Jonestown while he filed a criminal complaint against Sly. I have read a couple of books and seen three or four other documentaries about Jim Jones and his temple, so I feel like I have a certain grasp on the details of the story. [26], In the fall of 1973, after critical newspaper articles by Lester Kinsolving and the defection of eight Temple members, Jones and Temple attorney Tim Stoen prepared an "immediate action" contingency plan for responding to a police or media crackdown. [9][10] Seventy or more individuals at Jonestown were injected with poison, and a third of the victims (304) were minors. [194][195] The last shipment of bodies arrived early on the morning of November 27, 1978. [44] In that meeting, Dymally agreed to pass on the message to the State Department that socialist Guyana wanted to keep an open door to cooperation with the U.S.[44] Dymally followed up that meeting with a letter to Burnham stating that Jones was "one of the finest human beings" and that Dymally was "tremendously impressed" by his visit to Jonestown. [102][103][104], Although Jones, his executive partners, and congregation voiced their thoughts about moving their operation to the Soviet Union, Jones had a change of heart. [200] In February 1979, 98% of Americans polled said that they had heard of the tragedy. Walliss, John, "Apocalyptic Trajectories: Millenarianism and Violence in the Contemporary World", Oxford, New York, 2004. [61][83][84] After work, when purported emergencies arose, the Temple sometimes conducted what Jones referred to as "White Nights". Gouveia also led the team to the former site of the pavilion, where they found the remains of a steel drum, an organ, and a bed of daisies growing where the bodies once lay. [36][181] Hyacinth Thrash, 76, realized what was happening and crawled under her bed, only to walk out after the poisonings were completed. Because of the defectors departing Jonestown, the group grew in number and now an additional aircraft was required. [165] As more Temple members died, eventually the guards themselves were called in to die by poison. Jonestown became internationally infamous when, on November 18, 1978, a total of 909 [1] [2] people died at the settlement, at the nearby airstrip in Port Kaituma, and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown, Guyana's capital city. [28], Later, Burnham stated that Guyana allowed the Temple to operate in the manner it did on the references of Moscone, Mondale, and Rosalynn Carter. In 2011, a memorial to them was erected at the cemetery. In 1977, Jones, the self-proclaimed "messiah" of his evangelical flock, led his followers to a remote jungle in Guyana to live in Jonestown. [135][141][142] When Jones' adopted son Johnny attempted to talk Jerry Parks out of leaving, Parks told him, "No way, it's nothing but a communist prison camp. A tractor with a trailer attached, driven by members of the Temple's Red Brigade security squad, arrived at the airstrip and approached the Twin Otter. [151] There were perhaps nine shooters whose identities are not all certainly known, but most sources agree that Joe Wilson, Stanley Gieg, Thomas Kice Sr., and Ronnie Dennis were among them. The following is a letter of instructions regarding all of our assets that we want to leave to the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. [63] All voice communications with San Francisco and Georgetown were transmitted using this radio, from mundane supply orders to confidential Temple business. Jonestown: Terror in the Jungle HD CC Nonfiction 2018 $9.99 EPISODE 1 Making of a Madman Sadistic preacher Jim Jones forms The Peoples Temple after an unusual childhood. They were led to their deaths by cult leader Jim Jones, a charismatic preacher who turned into an egomaniacal demagogue. To learn whether the rumours coming from the jungle were true, California congressman Leo Ryan travelled to Guyana. in 2020 [34] Later payoffs helped safeguard shipments of firearms and drugs through Guyanese customs. Chilling interviews with Peoples Temple survivors along with newly declassified archival material offer . After the shootings, the Cessna's pilot Tom Fernandez, along with the pilot and co-pilot of the Twin Otter, Captain Guy Spence and First officer Astil Rodwell Paul, as well as the injured Monica Bagby, fled in the Cessna to Georgetown. Jones refers to an 'Omega' on one tape recorded at Jonestown, the only known time when this title was used. "[159] Despite Garry's report, Jones told him, "I have failed." James Warren Jones" to the Peoples Temple, members of the press, and members of Congress. A 1980 newspaper column by Jack Anderson also claimed that the CIA was involved in the Jonestown Massacre, and speculated that Deputy Chief of Mission of the U.S. Embassy to Guyana Richard Dwyer had ties to the CIA. [199], The event was covered heavily by the media, and photographs pertaining to it adorned newspaper and magazine covers for months after its occurrence. ", "Mass Suicide at Jonestown: 30 Years Later", "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 1053. [77] None of the 75 people interviewed by the embassy stated that they were being held captive, were forced to sign over welfare checks, or wanted to leave Jonestown.
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