Joseph Smith and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. [56] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. During the conflict, 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Battle of Crooked Creek,[1] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody,[2] and 17 Mormons at Hauns Mill[3]), and an unknown number of non-combatants died due to exposure and hardship as a result of being expelled from their homes in Missouri. Mormon was the name of a prophet from that record who edited religious writings of people who originally came from Jerusalem at about 600 B.C. Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. Add to Wish List Link to this Book Add to Bookbag Sell this Book Buy it at Amazon Compare Prices. Major General Samuel D. Lucas marched the state militia to Far West and laid siege to the Mormon headquarters. Citizens in Saline, Howard, Jackson, Chariton, Ray, and other nearby counties organized vigilance committees sympathetic to the Carroll County expulsion party. The men under the command of Lucas were then allowed to ransack the city to search for weapons. Omitir e ir al contenido principal.us. [67][68], Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. [105] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[106]. [89], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. In 1838, Missouri witnessed the "Missouri Mormon War". Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons, including Hyrum Smith, signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you". Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. The conflict continued until early November, when the outnumbered Mormons surrendered and agreed to leave the state. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[94]. [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. [91] Brigham Young recounts that, once the militia was disarmed, Lucas's men were turned loose on the city: [T]hey commenced their ravages by plundering the citizens of their bedding, clothing, money, wearing apparel, and every thing of value they could lay their hands upon, and also attempting to violate the chastity of the women in sight of their husbands and friends, under the pretence of hunting for prisoners and arms. Once Latter-day Saints were disarmed, mounted squads visited Mormon settlements with threats and enough beatings and destruction of homes to force flight. [57] According to one witness, "We could stand in our door and see houses burning every night for over two weeks the Mormons completely gutted Daviess County. On November 1, 1838, Smith surrendered at Far West, the church's headquarters, ending the war. [61] None of these claims, however, purport to be eye-witness accounts. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints live freely and happily among their neighbors, sharing smiles and goodwill with everyone they see. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. [54] With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. [95], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. Finally, the Mormons who had taken up arms were to leave the state. Much of the literature about the Danites is sensationalist fiction, such . King to answer the charges. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! In an effort to keep the peace, Alexander William Doniphan of Clay County pushed a law through the Missouri legislature that created Caldwell County, Missouri, specifically for Mormon settlement in 1836. [79], None of the Missourians were ever prosecuted for their role in the Haun's Mill Massacre. You might be referring to the 1838 Mormon War, a localized conflict between pro-slavery old time Missouri settlers and rapidly increasing numbers of converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who were mos. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. Extermination order.gif 456 882; 202 KB. Even militia commanders such as Clark, Doniphan, and Atchison who were sympathetic to the Mormons came to see a military response as the only way to bring the situation under control.[74]. 3 Shot, Sumter Mob Hangs Negro. The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. [50] Boggs, however, ignored this plea and continued to wait as events unravelled. Surrounded by the state militia, the mood in besieged Far West was uneasy. LDS Living. On September 7, Smith and Lyman Wight appeared before Judge Austin A. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[74] Lathrop wrote "I was compeled[sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost[sic] every form that Creturs[sic] in the shape of human Beeings[sic] could invent. [22], The earlier settlers saw expansion of Mormon communities outside of Caldwell County as a political and economic threat. [62] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. Possibly playing on Rigdon's July 4 sermon that talked of a "war of extermination", Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44, also known as the "Extermination Order", on October 27, which stated that "the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace"[76] The Extermination Order was finally rescinded on June 25, 1976, by Governor Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond.[77][78]. Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. Eventually, the large portion of the Mormons regrouped and founded a new city in Illinois which they called Nauvoo. In an effort to keep the peace, Alexander William Doniphan of Clay County pushed a law through the Missouri legislature that created Caldwell County, Missouri specifically for Mormon settlement in 1836. [25][26], At the same time Mormons, including Sampson Avard, began to organize a secret society known as the Danites, whose purposes included obeying the church presidency "right or wrong" and expelling the dissenters from Caldwell County. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. [70], When the Mormons arrived on the scene, the State Militia unit was camped along Crooked River in the Bunkham's Strip just south of Caldwell County. Tensions between the members of the Latter-day Saints and neighboring settlers, who took issue with certain . King found that there was sufficient evidence to have the defendants appear before a grand jury on misdemeanor charges. Put new text under old text. "[86][88], Joseph Smith Jr. and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. During the conflict 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Crooked River, one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody, and 17 Mormons at Haun's Mill). [63] None of these claims, however, purport to be eyewitness accounts. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. [13], Forcefully deprived of their homes and property, the Latter-day Saints temporarily settled in the area around Jackson County, especially in Clay County. [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. The Missourians had the advantage of position and fired, but the Mormons continued to advance. In addition, none of the participants in the raid cited the order as justification for their actions.[81]. And Subsequent Expulsion. In the early part of 1838, Mormons started to settle outside of Caldwell which, once again, upset some Missourians so conflict broke out. Smith was charged for treason but escaped custody and fled to Illinois with the remainder of the estimated 10,000 Missouri Mormons, establishing the new settlement of Nauvoo. Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. [102][103], During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. [114][115], LeSueur notes that, along with other setbacks, Boggs's mishandling of the Mormon conflict left him "politically impotent" by the end of his term.[116]. While Mormons were viewed as deluded or worse, many Missourians agreed with the sentiment expressed in the Southern Advocate: By what color of propriety a portion of the people of the State, can organize themselves into a body, independent of the civil power, and contravene the general laws of the land by preventing the free enjoyment of the right of citizenship to another portion of the people, we are at a loss to comprehend. The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri Abstract Review of: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. [57], Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the events of the Daviess County expedition. [65] I will not obey your order. [20], In the eyes of many non-Mormon citizens (including Alexander Doniphan),[11] these settlements outside of Caldwell County were a violation of the compromise. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. [13][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. Download Unionpedia on your Android device! Contents 1 Background 2 Compromise breaks down, 1838 3 Salt Sermon and Danites 4 The Election Day Battle at Gallatin 5 Mormons expelled from De Witt 6 Daviess County expedition 6.1 Marsh affidavit 7 Battle of Crooked River News of the battle quickly spread and contributed to an all-out panic in northwestern Missouri. Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. I have reviewed five books: Leland H. Gentry's A . On the afternoon of October 30, 1838, a vigilante force of more than two hundred armed men attacked and raided the small settlement known as Hawn's Mill in eastern Caldwell County, Missouri. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. Early Mormons and Mass Poisoning. When faced with the Mormon refugees from Missouri, the people of Quincy, Illinois, were outraged by the treatment the Mormons had experienced. One key skirmish was the Battle of Crooked River, which involved Missouri state troops and a group of Saints. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). List Price: $35.00. Smith's followers, commonly known as Mormons, began to settle in Jackson County in 1831 to "build up" the city of Zion. Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. Once there, they swore out affidavits concerning the burning and looting in Daviess County. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. While Mormons were viewed as deluded or worse, many Missourians agreed with the sentiment expressed in the Southern Advocate: By what color of propriety a portion of the people of the State, can organize themselves into a body, independent of the civil power, and contravene the general laws of the land by preventing the free enjoyment of the right of citizenship to another portion of the people, we are at a loss to comprehend. 137 relations. . Sheriff J.H. Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. But problems only multiplied when Mormons settled in large numbers during a relatively short period of time in this region. The church relocated from Kirtland to Far West, which became its new headquarters. [84] Smith believed that Hinkle had betrayed him,[87] but Hinkle maintained his innocence and claimed that he was following Smith's orders. [86], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[17]. Missouri-Mormon Experience (1831-1839) and its War of 1838 . Overview: Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 - April 15, 1869) was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites, which existed in Missouri during the Missouri Mormon War in 1838. . [64] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. ndice 1 Antecedentes "The Year of Decision: 1846". [13] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. After the inquiry, all but a few of the Mormon prisoners were released, but Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Lyman Wight, Caleb Baldwin, Hyrum Smith and Alexander McRae were held in the Liberty Jail in Liberty, Clay County on charges of treason against the state, murder, arson, burglary, robbery and larceny. [1] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. [16] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri [Volume 1] [ ] Used - Good at the best online prices at eBay! Thomas McBride surrendered his rifle to Jacob Rogers, who shot McBride with his own gun. The Latter-day Saints were to give up their leaders for trial and to surrender all of their arms. Language: They also reported the existence of the Danite group among the Mormons and repeated a popular rumor that a group of Danites was planning to attack and burn Richmond and Liberty. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. In Livingston County, a group of armed men forced Asahel Lathrop from his home, where they held his ill wife and children prisoner. This conflict is also sometimes referred to as the Missouri Mormon War to differentiate it from the Utah Mormon War (also known as the "Utah War") and the lesser known Illinois Mormon War. "[62] Some Latter-day Saints claimed that some of the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame the Mormons. According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. A number of Missourians left the scene to obtain guns and ammunition and swore that they would "kill all the Saints they could find, or drive them out of Daviess County, sparing neither men, women or children". The gun was found to have been stolen from a local shopkeeper, who identified "that hired man of Ward's" as the most likely culprit. Seymour Brunson attacked Grindstone Fork. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. Joseph Smith and the criminal justice system, Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri 1841, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1968, "LDS Church History: LDS History, October 14, 1838", "The Extermination Order and How it was Rescinded", Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 1920, http://ldsliving.com/story/77142-porter-rockwell-7-unbelievable-facts-and-stories-you-didnt-know, "Clarification of Boggs' 'Order' and Joseph Smith's Constitutionalism", "Mormonism. They asked if the rumor was true and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. [101] The militia was disbanded in late November.[1]. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. 2) August-September 1838: The Danites aggressively worked to defend the Latter-day Saints against anti-Mormon vigilantes. Rumor reached Far West that a mob of vigilantes from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the mob out of the county. [26][28][29], On July 4, Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions". . [37], At a meeting at Lyman Wight's home between leading Mormons and non-Mormons, both sides agreed not to protect anyone who had broken the law and to surrender all offenders to the authorities. [91], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. 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