Geoffrey and Matilda were in Anjou, rather awkwardly supporting the rebels in their campaign against the royal army, which included a number of Matilda's supporters such as Robert of Gloucester. [157] Stephen began re-establishing his authority. He's very intelligent and focused, but can also be considered oblivious to something begging to be noticed. God's War: a New History of the Crusades. [27] Matilda claimed the title of Holy Roman Empress through her marriage to Emperor Henry V, but her husband died in 1125, and she was remarried in 1128 to Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, whose lands bordered the Duchy of Normandy. [219] Stephen and Henry sealed the treaty with a kiss of peace in the cathedral. The character was portrayed by Justine Lupe in the Audience show Mr. Mercedes and by Cynthia Erivo in the HBO series The Outsider. [48], The crowds in London traditionally claimed a right to elect the King, and they proclaimed Stephen the new monarch, believing that he would grant the city new rights and privileges in return. Roger and his family were also enemies of Waleran, who disliked their control of the royal administration. He was known for his qualities as a statesman, his military experience, and leadership ability. [162], The war between the two sides in England reached a stalemate in the mid-1140s, while Geoffrey of Anjou consolidated his hold on power in Normandy. Schmieder & O'Doherty (2015), pp. TV-PG. In 1153, the Empress's son Henry invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. He stabilised the northern border with Scotland, contained Geoffrey's attacks on Normandy, was at peace with Louis VI, enjoyed good relations with the church and had the broad support of his barons. [42] Henry of Winchester was keen to reverse what he perceived as encroachment by the Norman kings on the rights of the church. He also worked with space-time singularities. He was extremely wealthy, well-mannered and liked by his peers; he was also considered a man capable of firm action. [213], In the aftermath of Wallingford, Stephen and Henry spoke together privately about a potential end to the war; Stephen's son Eustace, however, was furious about the peaceful outcome at Wallingford. WebDRAMA & SOAPS. He portrayed Chase Adams on The CW drama series One Tree Hill [2] [3] [4] and appeared for two seasons on the MTV reality television series Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County. [125] He then left behind some forces to blockade the castle and continued west into Wiltshire to attack Trowbridge Castle, taking the castles of South Cerney and Malmesbury en route. [220], Stephen's decision to recognise Henry as his heir was, at the time, not necessarily a final solution to the civil war. The early years of Stephen's reign were largely successful, despite a series of attacks on his possessions in England and Normandy by David I of Scotland, Welsh rebels, and the Empress Matilda's husband Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. Biblical: Stephen was the first Christian martyr. The two armies met at Wallingford, but neither side's barons were keen to fight another pitched battle. [151], Stephen's wife Matilda played a critical part in keeping the King's cause alive during his captivity. [163] 1143 started precariously for Stephen when he was besieged by Robert of Gloucester at Wilton Castle, an assembly point for royal forces in Herefordshire. Henry vigorously re-established royal authority in the aftermath of the civil war, dismantling castles and increasing revenues, although several of these trends had begun under Stephen. [97], Stephen's personal qualities as a military leader focused on his skill in personal combat, his capabilities in siege warfare and a remarkable ability to move military forces quickly over relatively long distances. One of the first seven deacons of the Christian Church, Saint Stephen is also the first Christian to be martyred for the Faith (hence the title, often applied to him, of protomartyr that is, "first martyr"). WebStephen became increasingly concerned with ensuring that his son Eustace would inherit his throne. [94] Unfortunately, the powerful Ranulf I, Earl of Chester, considered himself to hold the traditional rights to Carlisle and Cumberland and was extremely displeased to see them being given to the Scots. Edmund King believes the attack never got close to York; R. Davis believes that it did and was deterred by the presence of Stephen's forces. [134] When the news reached Stephen, he held a council to decide whether to give battle or to withdraw and gather additional soldiers: Stephen decided to fight, resulting in the Battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141. 65, 6971; Carpenter, p. 124. [124] Stephen started by attacking Wallingford Castle, held by the Empress's childhood friend Brien FitzCount, only to find it too well defended. Crouch (2008a), p. 29; King (2010), pp. WebHow to use Stephen in a sentence. [39] His wife, Matilda, played a major role in running their vast English estates, which contributed to the couple being the second-richest lay household in the country after the King and Queen. [185][nb 21] Many of the barons were making individual peace agreements with each other to secure their lands and war gains. [49] Henry of Blois delivered the support of the church to Stephen: Stephen was able to advance to Winchester, where Roger, Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor, instructed the royal treasury to be handed over to Stephen. [145] When Matilda advanced to London in an effort to stage her coronation in June, though, she faced an uprising by the local citizens in support of Stephen that forced her to flee to Oxford, uncrowned. [210], Over the summer, Stephen intensified the long-running siege of Wallingford Castle in a final attempt to take this major Angevin stronghold. Stephen Colbert brings his signature satire and comedy to The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, the #1 show in late night, where he talks with an eclectic mix of guests about what is new and relevant in the worlds of politics, entertainment, business, music, technology and more. He gained the throne by usurpation but failed to consolidate his power during the ensuing civil strife. WebHow to use Stephen in a sentence. Stephen D. Moore III, 33, of Williamsport, was called home by our Heavenly Father on Wednesday, Jan. 4, 2023 at his home. [3][nb 3] Stephen's remaining older brother, Odo, died young, probably in his early teens. [25] It was also traditional for the King of France to crown his successor whilst he himself was still alive, making the intended line of succession relatively clear, but this was not the case in England. [139] Finally, he was overwhelmed by Robert's men and taken away from the field in custody. [7] [17] [18] Between 1979 and 2009, he was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, widely viewed as one of the Ranulf of Chester revolted once again in the summer of 1144, splitting up Stephen's Honour of Lancaster between himself and Prince Henry. [159] Stephen then spent the summer attacking some of the new Angevin castles built the previous year, including Cirencester, Bampton and Wareham. [244] Stephen's lack of sound policy judgement and his mishandling of international affairs, leading to the loss of Normandy and his consequent inability to win the civil war in England, is also highlighted by another of his biographers, David Crouch. [78] Events in England meant that Stephen was unable to travel to Normandy himself, so Waleran de Beaumont, appointed by Stephen as the lieutenant of Normandy, and Theobald led the efforts to defend the duchy. [171] Meanwhile, Geoffrey of Anjou finished securing his hold on southern Normandy and in January 1144 he advanced into Rouen, the capital of the duchy, concluding his campaign. Opinions vary considerably among historians as to the date of Stephen's birth. WebHow to use Stephen in a sentence. [101] Nonetheless, Stephen could now focus his attention on the anticipated invasion of England by Robert and Matilda's forces. [1] She had a strong matriarchal influence on Stephen during his early years. They hadnt seen each other since Stephen moved out of the neighborhood two years before, and as they catch up Teichner laments the recent The character was portrayed by Justine Lupe in the Audience show Mr. Mercedes and by Cynthia Erivo in the HBO series The Outsider. He married Matilda of Boulogne, inheriting additional estates in Kent and Boulogne that made the couple one of the wealthiest in England. Stephen lost the towns of Oxford and Stamford to Henry while the King was diverted fighting Hugh Bigod in the east of England, but Nottingham Castle survived an Angevin attempt to capture it. Carpenter, p. 173; Davis, p. 68; Crouch (2008b), p. 47. Watch Now. (ed) (1998), Coss, Peter. [109] These bishops were powerful landowners as well as ecclesiastical rulers, and they had begun to build new castles and increase the size of their military forces, leading Stephen to suspect that they were about to defect to the Empress Matilda. [60] Both the kingdom and duchy were dominated by a small number of major barons who owned lands on both sides of the English Channel, with the lesser barons beneath them usually having more localised holdings. Frank Barlow, for example, describes it as a straightforward. [110][nb 14], Stephen's brother, Henry of Blois, was alarmed by this, both as a matter of principle, since Stephen had previously agreed in 1135 to respect the freedoms of the church, and more pragmatically because he himself had recently built six castles and had no desire to be treated in the same way. From stephanos. Stephen (1092 or 1096 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. Rules of succession in western Europe at the time were uncertain; in some parts of France, male primogeniture, in which the eldest son would inherit a title, was becoming more popular. [8], Stephen had at least four brothers and one sister, along with two probable half-sisters. Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 113953. Writing Medieval Biography, 7501250: Essays in Honour of Professor Frank Barlow. First, Robert, Earl of Gloucester, rebelled against the King, starting the descent into civil war in England. [180] Stephen's overall income from his estates, however, declined seriously during the conflict, particularly after 1141, and royal control over the minting of new coins remained limited outside of the south-east and East Anglia. His prestige and power increased further when he unexpectedly married the attractive Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, the recently divorced wife of Louis VII, in 1152. WebThe name Stephen is boy's name of Greek origin meaning "garland, crown". [185] The Second Crusade was announced, and many Angevin supporters, including Waleran of Beaumont, joined it, leaving the region for several years. 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